Amandla Nemisebenzi Yeqembu LamaKhomanisi laseChina (CPC)

Isingeniso

ICommunist Party of China (CPC) iyinhlangano esungulayo nebusayo yePeople's Republic of China (PRC. Isungulwe ngo1921, iCPC isiguquke yaba elinye lamandla ezepolitiki abaluleke kakhulu emhlabeni wanamuhla. Kusukela ngo2023, inamalungu angaphezu kwezigidi ezingama98, okuyenza ibe yinhlangano yezepolitiki enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni. ICPC inamandla aphelele ezindabeni zezepolitiki, ezomnotho, ezempi, namasiko zaseShayina, isebenzisa igunya emazingeni amaningi kahulumeni nezikhungo zomphakathi. Amandla nemisebenzi yayo kugcizelelwe kukho kokubili uMthethosisekelo waseShayina kanye nezinhlaka zenhlangano zeQembu uqobo, ezingasho nje ukuphatha eShayina kodwa futhi ezilolonga umgudu walo wentuthuko yesikhathi eside.

Le ndatshana icubungula ngokujulile amandla nemisebenzi ehlukahlukene yeCPC, ihlola ukuthi isebenza kanjani maqondana nombuso, indima yayo ekubumbeni inqubomgomo, ukwakheka kwayo kobuholi, kanye nezindlela elawula ngazo izici ezahlukahlukene zamaShayina. umphakathi kanye nokubusa.

1. Iqhaza eliyisisekelo kuHulumeni

IChina yakhelwe ngokuyisisekelo njengezwe elineqembu elilodwa ngaphansi kobuholi beCPC. Isigaba 1 soMthethosisekelo waseShayina simemezela ukuthi izwe lingaphansi kobuholi beQembu LamaKhomanisi. Ubuholi beQembu buwumgogodla wohlelo lwezepolitiki, okusho ukuthi bulawula zonke izikhungo zikahulumeni. Nakuba amanye amaqembu amancane ekhona, ayingxenye yobumbene ngaphansi kokuqondisa kweCPC futhi awasebenzi njengamaqembu aphikisayo. Lesi sakhiwo siphambene nezinhlelo zamaqembu amaningi, lapho amaqembu ezepolitiki ahlukene eqhudelana khona ukuze athole amandla.

ICPC isebenza ngemodeli ehlanganisa kokubili imisebenzi yenhlangano nekahulumeni, umqondo ovame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukuhlanganisa iqembu kanye nezwe. Amalungu eqembu abalulekile abamba izindima zikahulumeni ezibalulekile, aqinisekisa ukuthi izinqubomgomo zeqembu zishaywa ngezinqubo zombuso. Izikhulu ezisezikhundleni eziphezulu kuhulumeni, njengoMongameli kanye noNdunankulu, nazo zingabaholi abaphezulu beQembu. Empeleni, izinqumo ezingaphakathi kuhulumeni waseChina zenziwa izinhlaka zeqembu, njengePolitburo kanye neKomidi layo Elimisiwe, ngaphambi kokuba zisetshenziswe uphiko lukahulumeni.

2. Amandla Eqembu LamaKhomanisi laseShayina

ICPC iphethe igunya eliphakeme kakhulu lokuthatha izinqumo eChina, ethatha izinqumo ezibalulekile ezilolonga isiqondiso sezwe. UNobhala Jikelele Weqembu, okwamanje uXi Jinping, uphethe isikhundla esinamandla kakhulu futhi unguSihlalo weKhomishana Yezempi Ephakathi (CMC), elawula amabutho ahlomile. Lokhu kuhlanganiswa kwamandla kuqinisekisa ukuthi uNobhala Jikelele ubamba izintambo phezu kokubili izici ezithinta umphakathi kanye nezempi zokubusa.

Ngezinhlangano ezihlukahlukene, njengePolitburo kanye neKomidi Elimisiwe LePolitburo (PSC), iCPC iklama zonke izinyathelo ezinkulu zenqubomgomo. Lezi zinhlaka zakhiwe amalungu aphezulu kakhulu nathenjwayo eQembu. Yize iNational People's Congress (NPC) iyinhlangano yomthetho yaseShayina, ikakhulukazi isebenza njengesikhungo esisemthethweni sokugxiviza izitembu zenjoloba ezinqumweni esezenziwe ubuholi beCPC.

Amanye amandla abaluleke kakhulu eCPC ukulawula kwayo iPeople's Liberation Army (PLA) ngeKhomishana Yezempi Emaphakathi. IQembu linegunya eliphelele kwezempi, okuyisimiso esifakwe isisho esidumile sikaMao Zedong esithi, “Amandla ezepolitiki aphuma emgqonyeni wesibhamu.” IPLA ayilona ibutho lesizwe ngendlela evamile kodwa iwuphiko oluhlomile lweQembu. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi umbutho wezempi ufeza izintshisekelo zeQembu futhi uhlale ungaphansi kokulawula kwawo, ukuvimbela ukuthi kube khona ukuketulwa kwezempi noma ukubekela inselele igunya leCPC.

Amasosha adlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuzinza kwangaphakathi, ukuvikela ubuqotho bendawo yaseChina, nokusebenzisa iajenda yenqubomgomo yeqembu lezangaphandle. Iphinde isize ekusizeni izinhlekelele kanye nokuthuthukiswa komnotho, iphinde ibonise ububanzi bokulawula kweCPC emisebenzini yombuso.

ICPC iyigunya elikhulu ekubumbeni izinqubomgomo zasekhaya nezangaphandle zaseChina. Zonke izici zokubusa, kusukela ekuguqulweni kwezomnotho kuya ekunakekelweni kwezempilo, ezemfundo, nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, zingaphansi kwamandla eQembu. IKomidi Eliyinhloko Leqembu, ngezikhathi zomhlangano, lidingida futhi linqume izinhlaka zenqubomgomo ezibalulekile, njengeZinhlelo Zeminyaka Emihlanu, ezichaza izinjongo zaseChina zokuthuthukiswa komnotho nezenhlalakahle. Iqembu futhi lisebenzisa amandla phezu kohulumeni bezifundazwe nabasekhaya, liqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izifunda zilandela iziqondiso ezimaphakathi.

Izinqumo ezibalulekile kunqubomgomo yangaphandle nazo zenziwa ubuholi beCPC, ikakhulukazi ngabaiPolitburo kanye neKhomishana Yezindaba Zangaphandle Emaphakathi. Eminyakeni yakamuva, ngaphansi kukaXi Jinping, iCPC ibigxile ekuzuzeni ukuvuselelwa okukhulu kweChina ngokusebenzisa izinqubomgomo ezifana neBelt and Road Initiative (BRI) kanye nokukhuthaza umphakathi wekusasa elihlanganyelwe lesintu, okubonisa isifiso sayo sobuholi bomhlaba.

ICPC idlala indima ebonakalayo ekuphatheni umnotho ngokulawula kokubili umkhakha kahulumeni kanye namabhizinisi azimele. Nakuba iChina yamukele izinguquko ezimakethe futhi yavumela ukukhula okubalulekile kwemboni ezimele, iCPC igcina ukulawula izimboni ezibalulekile, ezifana nezamandla, ezokuxhumana, kanye nezezimali, ngokusebenzisa amabhizinisi kahulumeni (amaSOE. Lawa maSOE awagcini nje ngomgogodla wesu lezomnotho laseShayina kodwa futhi asebenza njengamathuluzi okusebenzisa izinjongo ezibanzi zeQembu zezenhlalo nezepolitiki.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, Iqembu liye laqhubeka lilawula amabhizinisi azimele eminyakeni yakamuva. Ngo2020, uXi Jinping wagcizelela isidingo sokuthi amabhizinisi azimele athuthukise ukuthobela kwawo iziqondiso zeCPC. Lokhu kubonakale ezenzweni zokulawula ezimelene nezinkampani ezinkulu zaseChina ezifana neAlibaba neTencent, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi ngisho nezinkampani ezizimele ezinamandla zihlala zingaphansi kweQembu.

Omunye wemisebenzi esemqoka yeCPC ukugcina ukulawula kwemibono phezu komphakathi waseChina. IMarxismLeninism, iMao Zedong Thought, kanye neminikelo yethiyori yabaholi abafana noDeng Xiaoping, uJiang Zemin, kanye noXi Jinping kuyisisekelo sombono osemthethweni weQembu. IXi Jinping Thought on Socialism Nezimpawu ZaseShayina Zenkathi Entsha yafakwa kuMthethosisekelo Weqembu ngo2017 futhi manje isiyimfundiso eyisiqondiso emisebenzini yeqembu.

ICPC inokulawula okubalulekile kwabezindaba, imfundo, neinthanethi ukuze isakaze umugqa wayo wemibono. Umnyango Wenkulumoze Weqembu wengamela yonke imithombo yezindaba emikhulu eChina, uqinisekisa ukuthi isebenza njengamathuluzi okuthuthukisa izinqubomgomo zeQembu kanye nokucindezela ukuphikisa. Izikole, amanyuvesi, kanye nezikhungo zamasiko ngokufanayo zinikezwe umsebenzi wokugxilisa ukwethembeka eQenjini, futhi imfundo yezombangazwe iyingxenye eyinhloko yohlelo lwezifundo lukazwelonke.

3. Imisebenzi Yenhlangano yeCPC

Isakhiwo senhlangano yeCPC sibekwe endaweni eyodwa kakhulu, igunya lokuthatha izinqumo ligxile ezinhlakeni ezimbalwa eziphakeme. Phezulu kukhona iPolitburo Standing Committee (PSC), okuyinhlangano ephakeme kunazo zonke ethatha izinqumo, ilandelwa yiPolitburo, iCentral Committee, kanye neNational Congress. UNobhalaJikelele, ngokuvamile ongumuntu onamandla kakhulu eChina, uhola lezi zinhlangano.

IParty Congress, eba njalo ngemva kweminyaka emihlanu, umcimbi obalulekile lapho amalungu eQembu ehlangana khona ukuze adingide izinqubomgomo, akhethe iKomidi Elikhulu, futhi enze izichibiyelo kuMthethosisekelo Weqembu. Kodwake, amandla eqiniso okuthatha izinqumo akwiPolitburo kanye neKomidi layo Elihlala njalo, elihlangana njalo ukuze lenze izinqubomgomo futhi liphendule ezindabeni zikazwelonke nezamazwe ngamazwe.

Nakuba ubuholi obuphakathi bubalulekile, amandla eCPC afinyelela kuwo wonke amazinga omphakathi waseShayina ngokusebenzisa inethiwekhi enkulu yamakomiti eqembu nezinhlangano ezisemazingeni aphansi. Isifundazwe ngasinye, idolobha, idolobha, ngisho nomakhelwane banekomidi laso leQembu. Lawa makomiti aqinisekisa ukuthi ohulumeni basekhaya balandela umugqa weQembu elimaphakathi nokuthi izinqubomgomo zisetshenziswa ngokufanayo ezweni lonke.

Emazingeni aphansi, izinhlangano zeCPC zigxile ezindaweni zokusebenza, amanyuvesi, kanye nasezinkampanini ezizimele. Lezi zinhlangano zengamela imfundo yezepolitiki yamalungu, zinxenxa amalungu amasha, futhi ziqinisekise ukuthi ithonya leQembu lingena kuzo zonke izici zomphakathi.

Nakuba iCPC isebenza ngokwehlukana kuhulumeni osemthethweni, iphethe iNational People's Congress (NPC) kanye noMkhandlu Wezwe. INPC, isishayamthetho saseShayina, iyinhlangano yezwe ephakeme kakhulu, kodwa indima yayo ngokuyinhloko ukugunyaza izinqumo ezithathwe ubuholi beQembu. Amalungu eNPC akhethwe ngokucophelela futhi cishe njalo angamalungu eCPC noma amanxusa.

Ngokunjalo, uMkhandlu Wombuso, igatsha eliphezulu laseShayina, uholwa nguNdunankulu, oqokwe