Kungani Indawo yasePlateau Ishisa Emini?

ITopography Yomhlaba ehlukahlukene ithinta kakhulu isimo sezulu nesimo sezulu. Esinye sezici ezithakazelisa kakhulu zobuso boMhlaba yithafa, indawo enkulu enezicaba eziphakeme ngaphezu kwendawo ezungezile. Nakuba amathafa asakazeke emhlabeni wonke, ahlukile endleleni asebenzisana ngayo nendawo ezungezile, ikakhulukazi ngokwezinga lokushisa. Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu sezifunda eziningi zeplateau ukuthi zivame ukuzwa amazinga okushisa aphezulu emini uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezizungezile. Ukuze siqonde ukuthi kungani indawo yethafa ishisa kakhulu phakathi nosuku, sidinga ukuhlola izici ezimbalwa, ezihlanganisa ukuphakama, imisebe yelanga, umfutho womoya, indawo, kanye nezakhiwo zobuso boMhlaba kulezi zifunda.

Ukuqonda iPlateaus

Ngaphambi kokuthi ungene kokuthi kungani amathafa avame ukushisa kakhulu phakathi nosuku, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyini ithafa kanye nendima eliyidlalayo esimweni sezulu. Ithafa liyindawo esezintabeni enendawo eyisicaba. AmaPlateaus angakheka ngenxa yomsebenzi wentabamlilo, ukunyakaza kwetectonic, noma ukuguguleka, futhi ayahluka kakhulu ngobukhulu kanye nokuphakama. Ngokwesibonelo, iDeccan Plateau eIndia, iColorado Plateau eUnited States, kanye neTibetan Plateau eAsia ngezinye zezithafa ezaziwa kakhulu emhlabeni, ngayinye ibonisa izici zemvelo eziyingqayizivele.

Ngenxa yokuphakama kwawo, amaplateaus ahlangabezana nezimo ezihlukile zomkhathi uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo eziphansi. Lezi zimo zithinta indlela amandla elanga asebenzisana ngayo nomhlaba kanye nomkhathi ongenhla, okunomthelela kumaphethini okushisa ahlukile atholakala phakathi nosuku.

Izici Ezibalulekile Ezinomthelela Emazingeni Okushisa Asemini Aphakeme

Kunezici ezimbalwa eziyinhloko ezichaza ukuthi kungani izindawo zeplateau zivame ukushisa kakhulu phakathi nosuku. Lokhu kufaka phakathi:

• ISolar Radiation kanye Nokuphakama
• Ukuqina KweAtmospheric Eyehlisiwe
• Umfutho Womoya Ophansi
• Izici Zendawo
• Indawo Yendawo kanye Nohlobo Lwesimo Sezulu

Masihlole ngayinye yalezi ngokuningiliziwe.

Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezithonya izinga lokushisa emathafeni ukuphakama kwawo, okuthinta ngokuqondile ukuthi ingakanani imisebe yelanga etholwa indawo. Imisebe yelanga iwumthombo oyinhloko wokushisa phezu komhlaba, futhi izifunda eziphakeme ziseduze nelanga. Njengomphumela walokho, izindawo ezisezinkangala zivame ukuthola imisebe yelanga enamandla kakhulu uma iqhathaniswa nezifunda ezinobude obuphansi.

Ezindaweni eziphakeme, umkhathi uba mncane, okusho ukuthi kunamamolecule omoya ambalwa azosakaza noma amunce ukukhanya kwelanga. Ngenxa yalokho, imisebe yelanga eyengeziwe ifinyelela phezu kwethafa ngaphandle kokusatshalaliswa noma ukumuncwa umkhathi, okubangela ukuba izwe lishise ngokushesha okukhulu phakathi nosuku.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathafa avame ukuba nezikhala ezibanzi, ezivulekile ezingenazo uhlaza oluminyene noma izakhiwo zasemadolobheni. Lokhu kungabikho kokumboza kuvumela ukukhanya kwelanga ukuthi kushaye phansi ngokungaphazamisi okuncane, okunomthelela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emini. Lapho imisebe yelanga ihlasela izwe eliwugwadule noma elinezimila ezimbalwa, imunca indawo engaphezulu, eshisa ngokushesha, okunomthelela emazingeni okushisa aphakeme phakathi nosuku.

Ukujiya kweatmospheric kusho ukuminyana nokujula komkhathi kunoma iyiphi indawo. Njengoba ukuphakama kwanda, umkhathi uba mncane ngenxa yokuthi kunomoya omncane ngaphezulu ongafaka ukucindezela. Lokhu kwehliswa kokuqina komkhathi ezindaweni eziphakeme kunemithelela ebalulekile kuzinga lokushisa, ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku.

Ezifundeni ezisezingeni eliphansi, umkhathi owugqinsi usebenza njengesibhafa, umunca futhi usakaze imisebe yelanga engenayo. Kodwake, ezifundeni ezingamathafa lapho umkhathi umncane khona, lesi sendlalelo esivikelayo asisebenzi kahle ekuvimbeleni ukukhanya kwelanga ekushisiseni komhlaba. Umkhathi omncane nawo unamandla amancane okugcina ukushisa, okusho ukuthi ukushisa okuvela elangeni kugxile phezulu kunokuba kusatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo emkhathini wonke.

Lokhu kuholela ekushiseni ngokushesha komhlaba ngesikhathi sasemini. Ukwengeza, ngenxa yokuthi kunomswakama omncane namamolecule omoya ambalwa ukuze amunce futhi agcine ukushisa, izifunda zasethafeni zingaba nokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa ngokushesha uma ilanga seliphakeme kakhulu.

Esinye isizathu esiyinhloko samazinga okushisa aphakeme emini eplateaus ukucindezela komoya okuphansi ezindaweni eziphakeme. Umfutho womoya wehla ngokuphakama, futhi ezifundeni zasemathafeni, umfutho womoya uphansi kakhulu kunezinga lolwandle.

Umfutho womoya ophansi unomthelela oqondile kuzinga lokushisa ngoba wehlisa amandla omoya okugcina nokudlulisa ukushisa. Ezingeni lolwandle, umoya ominyene ungabamba ukushisa okwengeziwe futhi usabalalise ngokulinganayo. Ngokuphambene, umoya omncane osendaweni ephakemes igcina ukushisa okuncane, okubangela ukuthi indawo engaphezulu ibambe ukushisa okwengeziwe phakathi nosuku.

Ngaphezu kwalokhu, ingcindezi enciphile iphinde yehlise ukuminyana komoya, okusho ukuthi umncane wawo ukumunca ukushisa elangeni. Ngenxa yalokho, inhlabathi esethafeni idonsa futhi igcine imisebe eminingi yelanga, okubangela izinga lokushisa likhuphuke ngokushesha.

Lo mphumela uzwakala ikakhulukazi ezifundeni eziwugwadule eziwugwadule lapho kunomswakama omncane emoyeni. Ngaphandle komthelela olinganiselayo womswakamo, ongamunca futhi ugcine ukushisa, izinga lokushisa elingaphezulu lingakhuphuka ngokushesha phakathi nosuku.

Izici ezibonakalayo zendawo yeplateau nazo zinomthelela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emini. AmaPlateaus avame ukubonakala ngenhlabathi enamatshe noma enesihlabathi, uhlaza oluncane, futhi, kwezinye izimo, izimo ezifana nogwadule. Lezi zinhlobo zezindawo zivamise ukumunca ukushisa kahle kakhulu kunezindawo ezimila izitshalo noma ezimbozwe amanzi.

Izimila zidlala indima ebalulekile ekulawuleni amazinga okushisa ngoba izitshalo zimunca ukukhanya kwelanga kuphotosynthesis futhi zikhiphe umswakama emoyeni ngenqubo ebizwa ngokuthi itranspiration. Lo mswakamo usiza ukupholisa umoya ozungezile futhi wehlise izinga lokushisa. Ngokuphambene, izifunda zasethafeni ezinohlaza olulinganiselwe azinayo le ndlela yokupholisa yemvelo, evumela indawo engaphezulu ukuthi ishise ngokushesha okukhulu.

Ukuntuleka kwemithombo yamanzi, njengamachibi noma imifula, ezifundeni eziningi zasemathafeni kwandisa le nkinga. Amanzi anomthamo wokushisa othize ophezulu, okusho ukuthi angakwazi ukumunca futhi agcine inani elikhulu lokushisa ngaphandle kokubhekana nezinguquko ezibalulekile zezinga lokushisa. Ezifundeni lapho amanzi eyindlala khona, umhlabathi ubamba ukushisa okwengeziwe, futhi amazinga okushisa akhuphuke kakhulu phakathi nosuku.

Indawo yendawo yethafa nayo idlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni izinga lokushisa layo emini. IPlateaus etholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo noma ezishisayo, njengeDeccan Plateau eIndia noma iEthiopian Highlands, ijwayele ukuzwa amazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu emini kunamathafa atholakala ezindaweni ezipholile noma ezipholile, njengeThafa laseTibetan.

Amathafa ashisayo athola ukukhanya kwelanga okuqine kakhulu nokuqondile unyaka wonke, okuholela ngokwemvelo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu phakathi nosuku. Ngokuphambene, amathafa apholile angase abe namazinga okushisa apholile ngenxa yobubanzi bawo kanye nokuhluka kwesizini ekukhanyeni kwelanga.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, amathafa amaningi atholakala ezindaweni ezomile noma ezomile lapho kunemvula encane, uhlaza oluyinqaba, nomoya owomile. Lezi zimo zezulu zibhebhethekisa umphumela wokushisa phakathi nosuku ngoba umoya owomile unomswakama omncane wokumunca ukushisa, okuholela ekutheni amandla elanga engeziwe amuncwa umhlabathi.

Ukwehluka Kwezinga Lokushisa Ngaphansi Kosuku

Kubalulekile futhi ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba amathafa avame ukushisa kakhulu phakathi nosuku, angathola ukwehla kwezinga lokushisa okubalulekile ebusuku. Lesi simo, esaziwa ngokuthi ukushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kwediurnal, kushiwo ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinobude obuphezulu ezinesimo sezulu esomile.

Emini, indawo ishisa ngokushesha ngenxa yemisebe yelanga enamandla. Nokho, ngenxa yokuthi umkhathi osendaweni ephakeme mncane futhi womile, awunawo amandla okugcina ukushisa ngemva kokushona kwelanga. Ngenxa yalokho, ukushisa kuphuma ngokushesha kuye emkhathini, okwenza amazinga okushisa ehle ebusuku.

Lo mphumela wokupholisa osheshayo ungaholela kumehluko omkhulu phakathi kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku eplateaus. Ngokwesibonelo, ezifundeni eziwugwadule eColorado Plateau, izinga lokushisa lasemini lingakhuphukela ku40°C (104°F) noma ngaphezulu, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lingehla libe ngaphansi kwezingaqhwa.

Iqhaza Lokwakheka Komkhathi Ekushiseni KwePlateau

Ngaphezu kwezinto ezifana nokuphakama, imisebe yelanga, nezici zendawo, ukwakheka komkhathi phezu kwezifunda zeplateau kudlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni amandla okushisa alezi zindawo. Ikhono lomkhathi lokumunca, ukukhombisa, nokugcina ukushisa liyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi ukwakheka kwalo, ikakhulukazi amazinga amagesi afana necarbon dioxide, umhwamuko wamanzi, neozone.

Nakuba amaplateaus eba namazinga okushisa aphezulu emini ngenxa yokuphakama kwawo kanye nokuba seduze kwelanga, umphumela wegreenhouse kulezi zifunda usebenza ngendlela ehlukile uma uqhathaniswa nokuphakama okuphansi. Umphumela wegreenhouse ubhekisela endleleni amagesi athile asemkhathini abamba ngayo ukushisa, akuvimbele ukuba kubaleke kubuyele emkhathini. Lesi senzo semvelo sibalulekile ekugcineni izinga lokushisa loMhlaba, kodwa ukuqina kwalo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngezimo zendawo kanye nomkhathi.

Ezifundeni zeplateau, umphumela wegreenhouse ungavezwa kancane ngenxa yomkhathi omncane. Ezindaweni eziphakeme, kunomhwamuko omncane wamanzi kanye namagesi abamba ukushisa ambalwa emoyeni, okusho ukuthi ukushisa kuncane okuvaleleke eduze kwendawo engaphezulu. Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale sengathi kuzoholela emazingeni okushisa apholile, kunjaloempeleni ivumela imisebe yelanga eyengeziwe ukuthi ifinyelele phansi, ibangele ukushisa okusheshayo phakathi nosuku.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwezinye izindawo zehighaltitude plateau, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisezindaweni ezomile, ukuntuleka kwekhava yamafu kukhulisa umphumela wokushisa. Amafu adlala indima ebalulekile ekuboniseni imisebe yelanga ebuyela emkhathini, esebenza njengongqimba oluvikelayo. Uma kunamafu ambalwa, njengoba kuvame ukwenzeka ezindaweni eziwugwadule, izwe lichayeka ekukhanyeni kwelanga okungaphazamiseki, okunomthelela emazingeni aphezulu okushisa emini.

Umusi wamanzi ungenye yamagesi abamba ukushisa abaluleke kakhulu, futhi ukugxila kwawo kuyahlukahluka kuye ngesimo sezulu kanye nokuphakama kwesifunda. Ezindaweni ezingamathafa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezomile noma ezomile, amazinga omhwamuko aphansi kakhulu kunasezindaweni eziphansi ezinomswakama kakhulu.

Ngenxa yokuthi umhwamuko unamandla okushisa aphezulu, ungamunca futhi ugcine ukushisa okukhulu. Ezifundeni ezinomswakama ophezulu, ukuba khona komhwamuko wamanzi kusiza ekushintsheni izinga lokushisa ngokusesilinganisweni ngokugcina ukushisa emini futhi kukukhulule kancane ebusuku. Kodwake, ezindaweni ezingamathafa ezinomswakama omncane, lo mphumela wemvelo wokubhafa uyancipha, ovumela indawo engaphezulu ukuthi ishise ngokushesha okukhulu ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile.

Umhwamuko oncishisiwe wamanzi uphinde ube nomthelela ekugcinweni kokushisa kukonke emkhathini ongaphezulu kweplateaus. Njengoba kunomswakama omncane osemoyeni wokumunca ukushisa, ukushisa kwelanga kuhlasela izwe ngokuqondile, okubangela ukufudumala okusheshayo phakathi nosuku. Lokhu kuchaza ukuthi kungani izifunda eziningi ezingamathafa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezisendaweni eyomile, zingaba nokushisa okukhulu phakathi namahora asemini.

Ithonya Lamaphethini Omoya Emazingeni Okushisa ePlateau

Enye into ebalulekile enomthelela emazingeni okushisa ashisayo emini ezindaweni zasemathafeni ithonya lamaphethini omoya. Umoya udlala indima ebalulekile ekusabalaliseni kabusha ukushisa endaweni yonke yomhlaba, futhi ezifundeni zasemathafeni, ukuhamba komoya kungase kuthuthukise noma kunciphise umphumela wokushisa.

Ezindaweni eziphakeme, inqubo yokushisisa nokupholisa kweadiabatic ihambisana ikakhulukazi nokuguquka kwezinga lokushisa. Njengoba umoya ukhuphuka noma wehla entabeni noma ithafa, izinga lokushisa lawo liyashintsha ngenxa yokuhlukahluka komfutho womkhathi. Lapho umoya ukhuphuka, uyakhula futhi uphole, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukupholisa kweadiabatic. Ngokuphambene, lapho umoya wehla, uyacindezelwa futhi ufudumale, inqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi ukushisa kweadiabatic.

Ezifundeni zamathafa, ikakhulukazi lezo ezizungezwe izintaba, umoya owehlayo usuka ezindaweni eziphakeme ungangena ekushiseni kweadiabatic, okunomthelela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emini. Lokhu kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni lapho amaphethini omoya enza ukuthi umoya ugeleze wehle usuka ezintabeni eziseduze uye ethafeni. Umoya ocindezelweyo, oshisayo ungakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokushisa ebusweni phakathi nosuku, wenze isimo esivele kushisa sishube.

Kwezinye izifunda zasethafeni, amaphethini omoya athile, njengemimoya yeföhn (eyaziwa nangokuthi ichinook noma iZonda winds), ingaholela ekwenyukeni okusheshayo nokudlulele kwezinga lokushisa. Imimoya yaseFöhn yenzeka lapho umoya onomswakama uphoqelelwa phezu kohla lwentaba, uphole njengoba ukhuphuka futhi ukhulula imvula ohlangothini olunomoya lwezintaba. Njengoba umoya wehla ohlangothini lweleeward, uyoma futhi ungene ekushiseni kweadiabatic, ngokuvamile okuholela ekwenyukeni okumangalisayo kwezinga lokushisa.

Le mimoya ingaba nomthelela ocacile ezifundeni zeplateau, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezipholile noma ezomile. Ngokwesibonelo, iColorado Plateau eUnited States ngezikhathi ezithile iba nemimoya yechinook, engabangela izinga lokushisa lenyuke ngamadigri amaningana esikhathini esingamahora ambalwa. Ngokufanayo, ukhahlamba lwezintaba zeAndes, elisemngceleni wethafa laseAltiplano eNingizimu Melika, luhlaselwa yimimoya yaseZonda, okuholela ekwenyukeni okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa kule thafa.

Ithonya lemimoya yeföhn namaphethini omoya afanayo agqamisa ukusebenzisana okuyinkimbinkimbi phakathi kokuguquguquka komkhathi kanye nezinga lokushisa elingaphezulu ezifundeni zeplateau. Le mimoya ingakhulisa izinqubo zokushisisa zemvelo ezenzeka phakathi nosuku, zenze izindawo eziphakeme zishise kakhulu.

Umthelela WeLatitude Emazingeni Okushisa ePlateau

ILatitude idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukushuba nobude besikhathi sokukhanya kwelanga okutholwa yisifunda, futhi kuthinta kakhulu amaphethini okushisa ezindaweni eziphakeme. AmaPlateaus atholakala kumalatitudes ahlukene ahlangabezana namazinga ahlukahlukene emisebe yelanga, yona, enomthelela emazingeni awo okushisa emini.

AmaPlateaus atholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo, njengeDeccan Plateau eIndia noma iEthiopian Highlands, achayeka emisebeni yelanga eqine kakhulu unyaka wonke. Kulezi zifunda, ilanga livame ukuba phezulu ngokuqondile phakathi nezingxenye ezinkulu zonyaka, okuholela ekungeneni kweinsolation okuphezulu (amandla elanga endaweni ngayinye yeyunithi) uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo ezipholile noma ezipholile.

Amazinga aphezulu einsolation endaweni eshisayo plamaateaus afaka isandla ekushiseni ngokushesha kwendawo emini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi izifunda ezishisayo zivamise ukuba nokuhluka okuncane kwesizini emahoreni asemini, lezi zindawo zasemathafeni zingahlangabezana namazinga okushisa aphakeme kakhulu emini phakathi nonyaka.

Ukwengeza, izindawo ezishisayo nezishisayo ngokuvamile azinayo ikhava yefu ebalulekile noma uhlaza, okwandisa umphumela wokushisa. Isibonelo, iDeccan Plateau eIndia yaziwa ngesimo sezulu esishisayo, esomile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, lapho amazinga okushisa emini angakhuphuka afike ku40°C (104°F) noma ngaphezulu.

Ngokuphambene, amathafa apholile, njengeColorado Plateau eUnited States noma iPatagonian Plateau eArgentina, ahlangabezana nokuhluka kwesizini okushisa kakhulu ngenxa yobubanzi bazo. Nakuba lezi zifunda zisengakwazi ukuba nezinga lokushisa lasemini elishisayo phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, ukushuba kwawo wonke kwemisebe yelanga kuphansi uma kuqhathaniswa namathafa ashisayo.

Kodwa, amathafa apholile asengaba nokushisa okukhulu phakathi nosuku, ikakhulukazi ehlobo, ngenxa yezinto zokuphakama, umswakama ophansi, nezici zendawo okuxoxwe ngazo ngaphambili. IColorado Plateau, isibonelo, ingaba namazinga okushisa ehlobo angaphezu kuka35°C (95°F) kwezinye izindawo, naphezu kwelatitude yayo ephakeme uma kuqhathaniswa.

Ekugcineni okudlulele kwespectrum, amathafa atholakala ezindaweni ezipholile noma ezinelatitude ephezulu, njengeAntarctic Plateau noma iTibetan Plateau, ahlangabezana namazinga aphansi kakhulu emisebe yelanga ngenxa yelatitude yawo. Lezi zifunda zikude nenkabazwe futhi zithola ukukhanya kwelanga okungaqondile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika.

Kodwake, nakulezi zinkangala ezinelatitude ephezulu, izinga lokushisa lasemini lingakhuphuka kakhulu phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo lapho ilanga liphakeme esibhakabhakeni futhi amahora okukhanya anwetshiwe. ITibetan Plateau, isibonelo, ingaba namazinga okushisa emini angu20°C (68°F) noma ngaphezulu ehlobo, naphezu kokuphakama kwawo kanye nokuba seduze kwezindawo ezipholile.

Kulezi zindawo ezinelatitude ephezulu, inhlanganisela yamahora okukhanya anwetshiwe nomoya omncane omncane kusengaholela ekushiseni okuphezulu, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinotshani obuncane noma iqhwa. Lokhu kugqamisa iqiniso lokuthi ngisho namathafa atholakala ezindaweni ezipholile angathola ukushisa okuphawulekayo phakathi nosuku, nakuba isikhathi esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa nezinkangala ezishisayo nezishisayo.

Umthelela weAlbedo kumazinga okushisa ePlateau

IAlbedo ibhekisela ekukhanyeni kwendawo, noma izinga ebonisa ngalo ukukhanya kwelanga kunokumunca. Indawo enealbedo ephezulu, njengeqhwa, iqhwa, noma isihlabathi esinombala okhanyayo, ibonisa ingxenye enkulu yemisebe yelanga engenayo, eholela emazingeni okushisa aphansi. Ngokuphambene, izindawo ezinealbedo ephansi, njengedwala elimnyama, inhlabathi, noma uhlaza, zimunca imisebe yelanga eningi futhi zishise ngokushesha.

Ialbedo yezindawo zeplateau idlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni izinga lokushisa lasemini. Ezifundeni eziningi zamathafa, indawo engaphezulu yakhiwe indawo enamatshe noma enesihlabathi, evame ukuba nealbedo ephansi. Lokhu kusho ukuthi lezi zindawo zimunca ingxenye enkulu yemisebe yelanga ezihlaselayo, okuholela ekufudumaleni ngokushesha phakathi nosuku.

Ezindaweni ezisezintabeni ezinamatshe noma ezingenalutho, njengeColorado Plateau noma iAndean Altiplano, ialbedo ephansi inikela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emini. Amatshe anombala omnyama kanye nenhlabathi kudonsa kahle ukukhanya kwelanga, okwenza indawo engaphezulu ishise ngokushesha ngaphansi kokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile. Lo mphumela uzwakala ikakhulukazi ezifundeni lapho kunohlaza oluncane noma umswakama ukuze kulinganiswe inqubo yokushisisa.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezifundeni eziwugwadule, ukuntuleka kwezimila nezindawo zamanzi kusho ukuthi kuncane okubonisa ukukhanya kwelanga emuva emkhathini. Lokhu kwandisa umphumela wokushisa, okuholela emazingeni okushisa adlulele emini.

Ngokuphambene, amathafa aphezulu ambozwe iqhwa noma iqhwa, njengezingxenye zeTibetan Plateau noma iAntarctic Plateau, avame ukuba nealbedo ephakeme kakhulu. Iqhwa neqhwa kubonisa ingxenye ebalulekile yemisebe yelanga engenayo, evimbela indawo engaphezulu ekushiseni ngokushesha phakathi nosuku.

Nokho, nakulezi zifunda, amazinga okushisa emini angakhuphuka ngaphezu kwezingaqhwa phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, ikakhulukazi uma ilanga liphakeme esibhakabhakeni futhi umphumela wealbedo uncipha ngenxa yokuncibilika kweqhwa. Uma isivalo seqhwa siqala ukuncibilika, idwala eliveziwe noma inhlabathi imunca ukushisa okwengeziwe, okuholela kumphumela wokufudumala wendawo.

Izici Zendawo kanye Nomnikelo Wazo Ekushiseni KwePlateau

Ngaphezu kwezici ezithile zomkhathi nezihlobene nomhlaba okukhulunywe ngazo ngaphambili, izici zendawo nazo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekunqumeni ukuthi kungani izindawo eziphakeme zishisa kakhulu phakathi nosuku.y. Indawo engokoqobo yethafa, ukuba seduze kwayo nemithombo yamanzi, kanye nesimo sezulu esizungezile kungaba nomthelela omkhulu kumaphethini okushisa atholakala kulezi zifunda eziphakeme.

Into eyodwa ebalulekile yendawo enomthelela emazingeni okushisa eplateau yiicontinentality, ebhekisela ebangeni lesifunda ukusuka emanzini amakhulu, njengezilwandle noma izilwandle. Izilwandle zinethonya elilinganiselwe emazingeni okushisa ngenxa yomthamo wazo omkhulu wokushisa, okusho ukuthi zingakwazi ukumunca futhi zikhiphe ukushisa okukhulu ngoshintsho oluncane kuphela lokushisa. Izifunda ezisogwini, ngakhoke, zihlangabezana nokuhluka okuncane kwezinga lokushisa okwedlulele kunezindawo ezimaphakathi nezwe.

AmaPlateaus atholakala kude nolwandle, njengeDeccan Plateau eIndia noma iTibetan Plateau eAsia, angaphansi kokushisa okukhulu kakhulu, ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku. Kulezi zintaba zezwekazi, ukuntuleka kokuba seduze nendikimba yamanzi kusho ukuthi awukho umthelela wokulinganisa ukuvimbela okungaphezulu ekushiseni ngokushesha phakathi nosuku. Lokhu kuholela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emini uma kuqhathaniswa namathafa aseduze nezindawo ezisogwini.

Isibonelo, iDeccan Plateau, etholakala maphakathi nezwekazi laseIndian, ivikelekile emiphumeleni yokupholisa yeIndian Ocean, okunomthelela emazingeni aphezulu okushisa ehlobo. Ngokuphambene, amathafa aseduze nolwandle noma amachibi amakhulu, njengeEthiopian Highlands eduze noLwandle Olubomvu, athola amaphethini okushisa aphakathi nendawo ngenxa yethonya lokupholisa lemithombo yamanzi eseduze.

Isimo sendawo esizungezile sethafa singaphinda sibe nomthelela kumazinga okushisa akhona emini. Amathafa azungezwe izintaba noma ezinye izimo zomhlaba eziphakeme angase abe nomthelela wokubambisa ukushisa, lapho indawo ezungezile ivimbela umoya ukuba ujikeleze ngokukhululeka, okubangela ukuba umoya oshisayo uvaleleke endaweni. Lokhu kungaholela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu phakathi nosuku, njengoba ukushisa kungakwazi ukuhlakazeka kahle.

Isibonelo, iAltiplano Plateau ezintabeni zeAndes izungezwe iziqongo eziphakeme, ezingaba nomthelela ekubambeni komoya ofudumele phakathi nosuku. Ngokufanayo, iIranian Plateau, ephakathi kwezintaba zeZagros kanye neElburz, ivamise ukuba nezinga lokushisa eliphezulu emini ngenxa yokujikeleza komoya okulinganiselwe okubangwa yilezi zithiyo zokuma kwezwe.

Le nto ivezwa ikakhulukazi ezinkangala ezihlangabezana nezinhlelo zokucindezela okuphezulu, lapho umoya owehlayo ucindezelwa futhi ufudumale njengoba wehla uya phezulu. Kulezi zifunda, inhlanganisela yokunyakaza komoya okulinganiselwe kanye nokushisisa okucindezelayo kungadala ukushisa okukhulu emini.

Ukuphakama kungenye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ekunqumeni izinga lokushisa lethafa, njengoba lithonya ngokuqondile ukuziphatha komkhathi. Ngokuvamile, amazinga okushisa ehla ngokunyuka kokuphakama, kulandela izinga lokushisa lemvelo, lapho izinga lokushisa lehla cishe ngo6.5°C kuwo wonke amamitha angu1,000 (3.6°F ngamafidi angu1,000) okuzuza kokuphakama. Kodwake, kwezinye izifunda ezingamathafa, ukuguquka kwezinga lokushisa kungenzeka, lapho amazinga okushisa ezindaweni eziphakeme efudumele kunalawo asezigodini ezingezansi.

Ukuguquka kwezinga lokushisa kwenzeka lapho ungqimba lomoya ofudumele luhlala ngaphezu komoya opholile, okuvimbela umoya opholile ukuthi ungaphumi. Ezifundeni ezingamathafa, lokhu kungenzeka ekuseni kakhulu noma ebusuku lapho ingaphezulu liphola ngokushesha ngenxa yomkhathi omncane. Nokho, phakathi nosuku, indawo eyithafa ishisa ngokushesha, okwenza umoya ofudumele uhlale uvaleleke ezindaweni eziphakeme. Lokhu kuguquguquka kungaba nomthelela ekufudumaleni ngokushesha kwendawo yethafa, okuholela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emini.

Ezinkangala eziphakeme kakhulu njengeTibetan Plateau, ukuguqulwa kwezinga lokushisa kuvamile, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika lapho umphezulu uphola ngokushesha kakhulu ebusuku. Kodwake, phakathi nosuku, ukuguquka kungaholela emazingeni okushisa afudumele ngokumangalisayo endaweni, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho imisebe yelanga ishube kakhulu.

Izinhlobo Zesimo Sezulu Nemithelela Yazo Emazingeni Okushisa EPlateau

Isimo sezulu esithile sesifunda seplateau sidlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni amaphethini okushisa atholwa phakathi nosuku. Izinhlobo zesimo sezulu zihluka kakhulu phakathi kwezithafa ezihlukene, kanti ezinye zitholakala ezindaweni eziwugwadule, ezinye ezindaweni ezishisayo, kanti ezinye zisezindaweni ezipholile noma ezipholile. Ngalunye lwalezi zinhlobo zesimo sezulu lunezici ezihlukile ezithonya indlela iplateau esebenzisana ngayo nemisebe yelanga kanye nezimo zomkhathi.

Amathafa amaningi omhlaba atholakala ezindaweni ezomile noma ezomile kancane, lapho izimo ezomile ezinjengogwadule zibusa isimo sezulu. Lezi zindawo, njengeColorado Plateau eUnited States noma iIranian Plateau, zibonakala ngamazinga aphansi emvula, uhlaza oluyinqaba, nemisebe yelanga enamandla. Ukuntuleka komswakama in umkhathi kanye nomhlabathi kunomthelela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emini kulezi zifunda.

Ezinkangala eziwugwadule, inhlabathi namadwala amunca inani elibalulekile lemisebe yelanga ngenxa yealbedo yakho ephansi, noma ukukhanya. Njengoba emancane amanzi noma izimila ezingamunca futhi zigcine ukushisa, indawo engaphezulu ishisa ngokushesha emini. Ukwengeza, umoya owomile uqukethe umhwamuko omncane wamanzi, okusho ukuthi kukhona umthamo omncane womkhathi wokumunca futhi ugcine ukushisa, okuqhubekisele phambili ukuqinisa umphumela wokushisisa.

Lezi zimo futhi ziholela ekuhlukeni okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokushisa lediurnal, lapho umehluko phakathi kwamazinga okushisa emini nasebusuku ungaba mkhulu. Emini, amazinga okushisa aya phezulu njengoba indawo engaphezulu imunca amandla elanga, kodwa ebusuku, ukuntuleka komhwamuko wamanzi namafu kuvumela ukushisa kuphume ngokushesha emkhathini, okuholela emazingeni okushisa apholile.

Amathafa ashisayo nangaphansi, njengeDeccan Plateau eIndia noma iEast African Plateau, athola amazinga okushisa ashisayo unyaka wonke ngenxa yokuba seduze nenkabazwe. Lezi zifunda zithola imisebe yelanga eqondile isikhathi esiningi sonyaka, okuholela emazingeni okushisa angaguquki emini.

Ezimathafeni ezishisayo, inhlanganisela yemisebe yelanga ephezulu kanye nomswakamo wemvelo wesifunda kungadala ukushisa okucindezelayo phakathi nosuku. Nakuba izindawo ezishisayo zivamise ukuba nomswakama omningi emoyeni uma kuqhathaniswa nezindawo eziwugwadule, umswakama owengeziwe ungakhulisa okucatshangwayo ukushisa ngenkomba yokushisa, kukwenze kuzwe kushisa kakhulu kunezinga lokushisa langempela lomoya. Lo mphumela ugqama kakhulu ezifundeni ezinezimvula ezina ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, lapho umkhathi ugcwala umswakama, wehlise ikhono lomzimba lokuzipholisa ngokuhwamuka.

Amathafa ashisayo, njengeColorado Plateau noma iAnatolian Plateau, ahlangabezana nebanga elibanzi lokushisa unyaka wonke ngenxa yelatitude yawo. Nakuba izinyanga zasehlobo zingaletha ukushisa okukhulu phakathi nosuku, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinohlaza olulinganiselwe, izinyanga zasebusika zivame ukuletha amazinga okushisa apholile ngisho neqhwa.

Ezinkangala ezipholile, umthelela wokushisa phakathi nosuku uvamise ukuncishiswa izinguquko zesizini, ngemisebe yelanga ephansi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika kanye nezinga lokushisa elimaphakathi ekwindla nasentwasahlobo. Kodwake, ezifundeni ezithola ihlobo elomile, njengeColorado Plateau, amazinga okushisa emini asengakhuphuka kakhulu ngenxa yokuntuleka komswakama nezimila.

AmaPlateaus atholakala ezindaweni ezipholile noma ezingaphansi komhlaba, njengeAntarctic Plateau noma iTibetan Plateau, ahlangabezana namazinga okushisa abandayo kakhulu isikhathi esiningi sonyaka ngenxa yobubanzi bawo. Kodwake, phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, lezi zintaba zisengaba nokwanda okuphawulekayo kwezinga lokushisa emini lapho ilanga liphakeme esibhakabhakeni nezinsuku zizinde.

IAntarctic Plateau, isibonelo, iba namahora angu24 emini phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, okuvumela indawo engaphezulu ukuthi imunce imisebe yelanga ngokuqhubekayo. Nakuba amazinga okushisa ehlala engaphansi kwezingaqhwa, ukwanda kwemisebe yelanga kungaholela ekufudumaleni kwendawo, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni lapho iqhwa noma iqhwa lincibilike khona, okuveza amatshe amnyama noma inhlabathi.

Ngokufanayo, iTibetan Plateau, etholakala endaweni eyisubpolar, iba nobusika obubandayo kodwa ingaba nezinga lokushisa lasemini elifudumele ezinyangeni zasehlobo. Umkhathi omncane kanye nemisebe yelanga enamandla kakhulu ezindaweni eziphakeme ivumela ukuthi indawo engaphezulu ifudumale ngokushesha emini, okuholela emazingeni okushisa emini angafinyelela ku20°C (68°F) noma ngaphezulu, nakuba izinga lokushisa lasebusuku lingase lehle kakhulu.

Imisebenzi Yabantu kanye Nomthelela Wayo Emazingeni Okushisa ePlateau

Emashumini eminyaka akamuva, imisebenzi yabantu iye yathinta kakhulu amaphethini okushisa ezifundeni zeplateau, ikakhulukazi ngoshintsho lokusetshenziswa komhlaba, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, kanye nokufudukela emadolobheni. Le misebenzi ishintsha indawo yemvelo, ibe nomthelela ekutheni indawo engaphezulu ihlangana kanjani nemisebe yelanga kanye nezimo zomkhathi, okuholela ekushintsheni kumazinga okushisa emini.

Ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kunomthelela omkhulu ekushintsheni kwamaphethini okushisa ezindaweni eziphakeme, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezishisayo nezishisayo. Amahlathi anendima ebalulekile ekulawuleni amazinga okushisa ngokunikeza umthunzi, amunca isikhutha, futhi akhiphe umswakama ngokuphefumula. Lapho amahlathi egawulwa ukuze kusetshenziswe ezolimo noma ukuthuthukisa, izindlela zokupholisa zemvelo ziyaphazamiseka, okuholela ekushiseni okuphezulu kwendawo.

Isibonelo, eEthiopian Highlands, ukugawulwa kwamahlathi kuye kwaholela ekwenyukeni kwamazinga okushisa ezindaweni ezithile ngenxa yokususwa kwekhava lezihlahla. Ngaphandle kwezihlahla ezinikeza umthunzi futhi zikhiphe umswakamo emoyeni, indawo engaphezulu ishisa ngokushesha okukhulu phakathi nosuku, okunomthelela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emini.

Ngokufanayo, izinguquko ekusetshenzisweni komhlaba, njengokunwetshwa kwezolimo noma izindawo zasemadolobheni, zingathinta ialbedo yendawo. Izinkambu zezolimo nezindawo zasemadolobheni, njengemigwaqo nezakhiwo, kuvame ukuba nealbedo ephansi kunezindawo zemvelo, okusho ukuthi zimunca imisebe yelanga eningi futhi zifaka isandla emazingeni okushisa aphezulu. Lo mphumela ubonakala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni eziwugwadule, lapho uhlaza lwemvelo seluvele luyingcosana.

Ezifundeni zeplateau ezinabantu abaningi basemadolobheni abakhulayo, okwenzeka eurban heat islands(UHI) kungandisa izinga lokushisa lasemini. Iziqhingi zokushisa zasemadolobheni zenzeka lapho amadolobha namadolobhana ethola amazinga okushisa aphezulu kunezindawo zasemakhaya ezizungezile ngenxa yemisebenzi yabantu, njengokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, imigwaqo, nezinye izingqalasizinda.

Emadolobheni asezintabeni njengeLa Paz eBolivia noma iAddis Ababa eEthiopia, ukunwetshwa kwezindawo zasemadolobheni kuholele ekudalweni kweziqhingi ezishisayo zasemadolobheni, lapho ukuminyana kwezakhiwo nezindawo ezigandayiwe kudonsa futhi kugcine ukushisa, okuholela ekuphakameni kwasemini. amazinga okushisa. Lo mphumela ubuye uthuthukiswe ukuntuleka kwezitshalo kanye nokwanda kokusetshenziswa kwamandla, njengeair conditioning nezimoto, ezikhulula ukushisa endaweni ezungezile.

Iziqhingi zokushisa zasemadolobheni azigcini nje ngokunikela emazingeni okushisa aphezulu emini kodwa zingaholela nasekuphakameni kwamazinga okushisa ebusuku, njengoba ukushisa okumuncwa izakhiwo nemigwaqo kukhishwa kancane ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokhu kuphazamisa inqubo yokupholisa yemvelo evamise ukwenzeka ezifundeni zasemathafeni ebusuku, okuholela esikhathini eside kakhulu sokuchayeka ekushiseni.

Amathrendi Wesimo Sezulu Sesikhathi esizayo kanye Namazinga Okushisa ePlateau

Njengoba isimo sezulu somhlaba siqhubeka nokushintsha, izifunda zeplateau zingase zibe noshintsho olucace kakhudlwana kumaphethini azo okushisa, ikakhulukazi phakathi nosuku. Ukukhuphuka kwamazinga okushisa omhlaba, izinguquko zamaphethini emvula, kanye nemvamisa ekhulayo yezehlakalo zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kunamandla okuba nomthelela ezifundeni zasemathafeni ngezindlela ezibalulekile.

Ukufudumala kwembulunga yonke kulindeleke ukuthi kuholele emazingeni okushisa aphezulu amaphakathi emhlabeni jikelele, kanye nezifunda zasemathafeni nazo zonke. Amazinga okushisa aphakeme emini asevele akhona ezindaweni eziningi ezisethafeni kungenzeka adlulele nakakhulu njengoba iplanethi ifudumala. Lokhu kuzoba yiqiniso ikakhulukazi ezinkangala ezitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo neziwugwadule, lapho ukuntuleka komswakama nezimila kuzokwandisa umphumela wokushisa.

Isibonelo, iTibetan Plateau, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi iThird Pole ngenxa yezinguzunga zeqhwa nesembozo seqhwa, ifudumala ngesivinini esisheshayo kunesilinganiso somhlaba. Njengoba leli thafa liqhubeka nokufudumala, kulindeleke ukuthi amazinga okushisa anyuke emini, okuholela ekuncibilikeni ngokushesha kwezinguzunga zeqhwa kanye nezinguquko esimweni sendawo ezungezile. Lokhu kungaba nemiphumela efinyelela kude, hhayi esifundeni kuphela kodwa ezigidini zezigidi zabantu abathembele emifuleni eqhamuka endaweni eyithafa.

Njengoba amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke enyuka, imvamisa namandla amagagasi okushisa kulindeleke ukuthi akhuphuke, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni esezivele zijwayele ukushisa kakhulu. Izifunda zePlateau ezisezindaweni ezomile nezinegwadule cishe zizothola ukushisa okuvame kakhulu kanye nesikhathi eside, okungaholela ezinseleleni ezinkulu kwezolimo, ukutholakala kwamanzi, kanye nempilo yabantu.

Ezindaweni ezifana neDeccan Plateau noma iIranian Plateau, lapho izinga lokushisa lasemini selingakwazi ukufinyelela amazinga ayingozi phakathi nezinyanga zasehlobo, ukwanda kwamagagasi okushisa kungase kubhebhethekise izinselele ezikhona ezihlobene nokushoda kwamanzi nokucindezeleka kokushisa. Lokhu kugqamisa isidingo sezinyathelo eziguquguqukayo ukuze kuncishiswe imithelela yokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa kulezi zifunda ezisengozini.

Isiphetho

Ekuphetheni, amazinga okushisa ashisa kakhulu emini atholakala ezindaweni ezisezinkangala awumphumela wokuhlangana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwezinto, okuhlanganisa ukuphakama, imisebe yelanga, ukwakheka komkhathi, izici ezingaphezulu, indawo, kanye nemisebenzi yabantu. IPlateaus, enesimo sezulu esiyingqayizivele nesimo sezulu, ibonisa amaphethini okushisa ahlukile, nokushisisa okusheshayo phakathi nosuku kuyisici esivamile.

Njengoba amazinga okushisa embulunga yonke eqhubeka nokukhuphuka ngenxa yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, lawa maphethini angase abe ngokwedlulele kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni esezijwayele amazinga okushisa aphezulu. Ukuqonda izimbangela eziyisisekelo zokushisisa kwethafa kubalulekile ekuthuthukiseni amasu okuzivumelanisa nalezi zinguquko, kungaba ngokuhlela ukusetshenziswa komhlaba, imizamo yokutshalwa kabusha kwamahlathi, noma ukuqaliswa kobuchwepheshe bokupholisa ezindaweni zasemadolobheni.

Inhlanganisela yezinqubo zemvelo nemisebenzi yabantu yenza izifunda zeplateau zibe yindawo okugxilwe kuyo yokufunda imithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, njengoba zinikeza imininingwane ebalulekile yokuthi amaphethini okushisa ashintsha kanjani ekuphenduleni kuzo zombili izici zasendaweni nezomhlaba. Njengoba siqhubeka nokufunda okwengeziwe mayelana nedynamics of sezulu, kuya ngokuya kucaca ukuthi lezi zifunda zizodlala indima ebalulekile ekulolongeni ikusasa leplanethi yethu kanye nezinhlelo zesimo sezulu.