Ukubaluleka Kokulima Ngezinyathelo

Isingeniso

Ukulima ngezinyathelo, okuphinde kwaziwe ngokuthi ukulima kweterraced, kuwumkhuba wakudala wezolimo osetshenziswa kakhulu ezindaweni ezinezintaba emhlabeni jikelele. Kubandakanya ukwakha uchungechunge lwezinyathelo eziyisicaba, ezivundlile noma amasimu emagqumeni aphakeme. La masimu asiza abalimi ukuba bakhulise indawo elimayo, balondoloze inhlabathi, futhi balawule imithombo yamanzi ngendlela efanele. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukubaluleka kokulima ngezinyathelo, sihlole umongo wakho womlando, izinzuzo zemvelo nezomnotho, imithelela yezenhlalo, kanye nezinselele abalimi abazenzayo namuhla.

1. Ingqikithi Yomlando Yokulima Ngezinyathelo

Ukulima ngezinyathelo kungenye yezindlela ezindala kakhulu zezolimo, ezinobufakazi bomlando obuphakamisa ukuthi kwakwenziwa kudala eminyakeni eyizi6,000 edlule. Izimpucuko zasendulo zaseAndes eNingizimu Melika, ePhilippines, eNingizimumpumalanga yeAsia, naseziqhingini zaseAsia zaseHimalaya zaziyizingqalabutho ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokulima emifuleni.

• IAndes Impucuko: ENingizimu Melika, impucuko yeInca yaba yingcweti kumasu okuthola ithala ezintabeni zaseAndes. Bakha amathala ayizinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, besebenzisa izindonga zamatshe ukuze benze indawo eyisicaba lapho betshala khona izitshalo ezinjengommbila, amazambane kanye nequinoa.
• Izindawo Eziphakeme ZaseAsia: EAsia, ukulima endaweni eyisitezi kwagqama ezifundeni ezifana neChina, Nepal, neIndia. Amasimu erayisi adumile aseSifundazweni SaseIfugao sasePhilippines, athathwa njengeNdawo Yamagugu Omhlaba yeUNESCO, abonisa ubuhlakani babalimi bokuqala ababumba umhlaba ukuze uhlangabezane nezidingo zabo.

2. Ukubaluleka Kwesinyathelo Sokulima Kwezolimo

Ukulima ngezinyathelo kudlala indima ebalulekile kwezolimo, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni ezinamagquma noma izintaba. Okubaluleke kakhulu kusekundleni kwawo ukwenza umhlabathi ongasebenziseki ukhiqize, ukuvimbela ukuguguleka kwenhlabathi, kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yamanzi.

Ukulima ngezinyathelo kukhulisa umhlaba wokulima osebenzisekayo ngokuguqula imiqansa ibe yizinyathelo ezilinganayo, okuvumela ukulinywa ezindaweni ebezingaba umqansa kakhulu ukuba zingalima. Lokhu kukhuliswa kusekela ukuvikeleka kokudla okukhulu kanye nokuhlukahluka komnotho ezindaweni zasemakhaya.

Ukuguguleka komhlabathi kuyinselelo enkulu ezindaweni ezinezintaba. Amasimu asiza ukunciphisa isivinini sokugeleza kwamanzi, anciphise ukuguguleka nokugcina ukuvunda komhlabathi isikhathi eside. Eqiniswe ngezindonga zamatshe nezimila, amasimu agcina inhlabathi engaphezulu futhi akhuthaze izindlela zokulima ezisimeme.

Ukulima okuthukile kusiza ukuthwebula nokusabalalisa amanzi ngendlela efanele. Ngokunciphisa ukugeleza kwamanzi kanye nokukhuthaza ukugcinwa komswakamo enhlabathini, ukulima ngezinyathelo kusekela izitshalo ngezikhathi zonyaka ezomile futhi kuqinisekisa ukusetshenziswa okuzinzile kwemithombo yamanzi.

3. Ukubaluleka Kwemvelo Nemvelo Kokulima Ngezinyathelo

Ngaphezu kwezinzuzo zakho zezolimo, ukulima ngezinyathelo kunezinzuzo ezibalulekile zemvelo kanye nemvelo. Inomthelela ekongiweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo, ivimbele ukugawulwa kwamahlathi, futhi ikhuthaze ukusetshenziswa komhlaba okusimeme.

Ukwakheka kwezwe okuthukile kusekela amasistimu emvelo ahlukahlukene. Imvelo ehlukahlukene edalwe amasimu ivumela ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo kanye nokulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zemvelo zendawo.

Ngokusebenzisa umhlaba osukhona kakade, ukulima ngezinyathelo kunciphisa isidingo sokugawulwa kwamahlathi, kusize ukulondoloza amahlathi nokuvimbela ukuwohloka kwesimiso semvelo. ITerracing iphinde igcine izinga lomhlabathi futhi inciphisa ingozi yokuwohloka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.

Izinyathelo zokulima izinsiza zokunciphisa ukuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokusebenza njengokucwila kwekhabhoni ngokulondolozwa kwenhlabathi kanye nokuthathwa kwekhabhoni kukho kokubili inhlabathi nezimila. Ukubekezelela kwezindawo eziwugwadule ezenzakalweni zesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu kuqinisa futhi indima yazo ekubhekaneni nemithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.

4. Ukubaluleka Kwezomnotho Nezenhlalakahle Kokulima Ngezinyathelo

Ukulima ngezinyathelo kusekela iminotho yasemaphandleni, kunikeza amathuba omsebenzi, futhi kuqinisa izibopho zomphakathi. Izinzuzo zayo zidlulela ngalé kwezolimo, ezithinta ukuguquguquka kwezomnotho nezenhlalo ezindaweni zasemakhaya.

Ukulima ngezinyathelo kukhulisa ukukhiqiza kwezolimo, okunomthelela ekwenzeni imali emiphakathini yasemakhaya. Lokhu kunamandla okukhipha abantu ebuphofini futhi kusekele ukukhula komnotho wasemakhaya.

Ukwakha nokunakekela amathala kudala amathuba omsebenzi abalulekile, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni lapho imisebenzi iyindlala khona. Inikeza abantu basemaphandleni amathuba omsebenzi kuzo zombili izimboni zokulima nezihlobene.

Ukulima okuthukile kuvame ukuxubana nobunikazi bamasiko emiphakathi yendawo, njengoba kubonakala kuIfugao rice terizinhlanga ePhilippines kanye nezindawo ezimangelengele zaseAndes. Lezi zinqubo zezolimo zigcina ulwazi lwendabuko kanye namagugu amasiko.

5. Izinselele kanye Nekusasa Lokulima Ngezinyathelo

Ukulima ngezinyathelo, naphezu kwezinzuzo zako, kubhekene nezinselelo ezifana nokuqina kwabasebenzi, umthelela wokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, nokuncintisana nezindlela zesimanje zezolimo. Ukunqoba lezi zithiyo kubalulekile ekusaseni lesinyathelo sokulima.

Ukwakhiwa nokulungiswa kwamathala kudinga umsebenzi obalulekile wezandla, okuvamise ukuvimbela izizukulwane ezincane ukuthi ziqhubeke nokwenza. Njengoba abantu basemaphandleni bekhula, izimfuno zabasebenzi zokulima izinyathelo ziba yinselele kakhulu.

Amathala awavikelekile emithelela yokuguquka kwesimo sezulu, njengezimvula ezinamandla nokudilika kwenhlabathi. Lezi zenzakalo ezimbi kakhulu zingalimaza noma zicekele phansi amasimu, kwenze kube nzima kubalimi ukuthi balulame. Ukushintsha amaphethini emvula kungase futhi kubeke engcupheni ukutholakala kwamanzi.

Kwezinye izifunda, izinqubo zesimanje zezolimo ezifana nokwenza imishini kanye nemonoculture kubekwa phambili ngaphezu kweterracing, okungaholela ekwehleni kwezinyathelo zokulima. Kodwake, iterracing isabalulekile ezindaweni lapho izindlela zesimanje zingafaneleki khona.

6. Isinyathelo Sokulima Nokusimama Kwesikhathi Eside

Ukulima ngezinyathelo kugcina impilo yenhlabathi futhi kuvimbela ukuwohloka, kuqinisekisa umkhiqizo wesikhathi eside. Ngokusebenzisa umanyolo wemvelo kanye nezinqubo ezifana nokushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, amapulazi anezitezi agcina inhlabathi evundile ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.

Ukongiwa kwamanzi kuyingxenye yokusimama kwezolimo olunezitezi. Ukulima ngezinyathelo kuqinisekisa ukuphathwa kahle kwamanzi ngokubamba nokugcina amanzi emvula, asiza ukusimama kwezitshalo ngezikhathi ezomile.

Izindawo eziwugwadule zisebenza njengamasinki ekhabhoni, zigcina ikhabhoni kukho kokubili inhlabathi nezimila. Lokhu kusiza ukunciphisa imithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuqina kwezwe.

7. Intuthuko Yezobuchwepheshe Esekela Ukulima Kwezinyathelo

Ubuchwepheshe besimanje bunikeza amathuluzi abalulekile okuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza nokuzinza kwesinyathelo sokulima.

Ubuchwepheshe obufana neGIS nezinzwa ezikude zisiza abalimi ukuthi bathuthukise ukubekwa kwethala futhi baqaphe impilo yezitshalo, izimo zenhlabathi, nokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi, okwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokulima kweterrased.

Izindlela zezolimo ezinembayo, njengezinzwa zenhlabathi kanye nezinhlelo zokuchelela ezizenzakalelayo, zingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokulima kwamathala, kunciphise ukumosheka kwamanzi kanye namandla okusebenza.

Izinkundla zedijithali zivumela abalimi ukuthi babelane ngolwazi, bafinyelele izibikezelo zesimo sezulu, futhi bamakethe ngemikhiqizo yabo, okunikela empumelelweni nasekusimameni kwesinyathelo sokulima.

8. Izinqubomgomo Zikahulumeni Nokweseka Isinyathelo Sokulima

Ohulumeni bangakwazi ukusekela ukulima ngokunikeza usizo lwezezimali, olufana noxhaso noma imali ebolekiwe enenzalo ephansi, ukuze basize ukukhokhela izindleko zokwakhiwa nokulungiswa kwamathala.

Izinhlelo zokuqeqesha kanye nezinsiza zokwandisa ezolimo zinganikeza abalimi ulwazi namakhono adingekayo ukuze basebenzise futhi bagcine amasimu ngendlela efanele, kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwesikhathi eside kwalokhu kusebenza.

Ohulumeni bangakhuthaza ukusetshenzwa kwamasimu ngokusebenzisa imithetho yokusetshenziswa komhlaba evimbela ukugawulwa kwamahlathi nokucekelwa phansi komhlaba, kanye nezinqubomgomo ezikhuthaza izinqubo zokuphatha umhlaba ezisimeme.

9. Izinjongo Zokulima Nentuthuko Yomhlaba Wonke

Isinyathelo sokulima sihambisana nezinjongo ezimbalwa zentuthuko yomhlaba wonke, ikakhulukazi leyo ehlobene nokuvikeleka kokudla, ukusimama kwemvelo, kanye nokunciphisa ubumpofu.

Ukulima ngezinyathelo kunomthelela ekuvikelekeni kokudla ngokukhulisa umhlabathi olimekayo nokukhuthaza ukuhlukahluka kwezitshalo, okusiza ukulwa nendlala nokungondleki emiphakathini yasemakhaya.

ITerracing isekela ukuncishiswa kokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu ngokunciphisa ukuguguleka komhlabathi, ukonga amanzi, nokukhuthaza ukudliwa kwekhabhoni, okunikela emizamweni yomhlaba wonke yokulwa nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu.

Ngokwandisa umkhiqizo wezolimo nokudala amathuba emisebenzi, ukulima ngezinyathelo kusiza ukukhipha imiphakathi yasemakhaya ebuphofini futhi kuthuthukise umnotho.

10. Ukubandakanywa Komphakathi kanye Nomphumela Womphakathi Wokulima Ngezinyathelo

Ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi kubalulekile empumelelweni yokulima, ukuqinisa ubudlelwano bomphakathi kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuphendula ngokuhlanganyelaukufaneleka kokuphathwa komhlaba.

Ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kwamasimu kuvame ukudinga ukubambisana kwayo yonke imiphakathi, ukukhuthaza ukubambisana nokwabelana ngemithwalo yemfanelo phakathi kwabantu bendawo.

Izindawo eziwugwadule zivame ukuba yisizinda sobunikazi bemiphakathi ebalimayo. Umzamo womphakathi ohilelekile ekulimeni kweterrace usiza ukuqinisa izibopho zomphakathi kanye nokugcina amagugu amasiko.

Ukulima ngezinyathelo kunganika amandla amaqembu ancishwe amathuba, okuhlanganisa abesifazane nemiphakathi yendabuko, ngokubanikeza amathuba okubamba iqhaza ekuphathweni komhlaba nasekukhiqizeni ukudla.

11. Ukuhlukahluka Kwezomnotho Ngokusebenzisa Isinyathelo Sokulima

Amasimu avumela ukutshalwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo, okukhuphula ukuvikeleka kokudla kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi obuhlobene nokuthembela esitjalweni esisodwa.

Abalimi bangakhuphula iholo labo ngokukhiqiza imikhiqizo enenani eliphakeme njengezithelo ezomisiwe, itiye leherbal, nezimpahla zezandla, ezingabiza amanani aphezulu emakethe.

Izindawo ezimatshe ziheha izivakashi ezinentshisekelo yobuhle nokubaluleka kwamasiko, zihlinzeka ngemifudlana yemali engenayo eyengeziwe emiphakathini yendawo ngeecotourism kanye neagritourism.

12. Ukuhlanganisa Ulwazi Lwendabuko Nemikhuba Yesimanje

Ulwazi lwendabuko ludlala indima ebalulekile ekulimeni izinyathelo, ukuqondisa ukuphathwa kwezindawo ezimasimu nokuqinisekisa ukusimama kwazo ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane.

Ngokuhlanganisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje bezolimo, obufana nokuhlolwa kwenhlabathi nokunisela ngokunemba, abalimi bangathuthukisa ukukhiqiza kanye nokusimama kwamasimu abo.

Ucwaningo oluholwa abalimi kanye nokuhlola kubalulekile ekusaseni lezinyathelo zokulima, njengoba kuvumela abalimi ukuthi bazijwayeze futhi basungule izinto ezintsha ukuze baphendule ezimweni ezishintshayo zemvelo nezomnotho.

13. Iqhaza Lezikhungo Zomhlaba Wonke Ekukhuthazeni Ukulima Kwezinyathelo

Izikhungo zomhlaba wonke, okuhlanganisa izinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe kanye namaNGO, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni isinyathelo sokulima ngosizo lwezezimali, ukwesekwa kobuchwepheshe, kanye nokumela.

Izinhlangano ezifana neFAO kanye neBhange Lomhlaba zisekela izinqubo zeterracing ezisimeme ngoxhaso lwezimali nezincomo zenqubomgomo, ezinikela emigomeni yentuthuko yomhlaba wonke.

AmaNGO asebenzisana nemiphakathi yasendaweni ukukhuthaza izindlela ezisimeme zokulima, ukulondoloza ulwazi lwendabuko, futhi kulwele ukuvikelwa kwezindawo ezinobudedengu.

Ubudlelwano bomhlaba wonke buhlanganisa ndawonye ohulumeni, amaNGO, nabalingisi bemboni ezimele ukuze kuthuthukiswe ezolimo ezisimeme, okuhlanganisa nokulima okuyizinyathelo, emhlabeni wonke.

14. Ikusasa Lokulima Ngezinyathelo Emhlabeni Wembulunga yonke

Ukulima ngezinyathelo kubhekene nezinselelo namathuba emhlabeni ohlangene. Nakuba ukuthuthukiswa kwesimanje kanye nokuya emadolobheni kubeka engcupheni izinhlelo zokulima zendabuko, isidingo esikhulayo semikhiqizo eqhubekayo kanye nemvelo yethula amathuba amasha emiphakathini yabalimi ehlanekezelayo.

Umhlaba wonke wethula ukuncintisana okuvela kwezolimo zezimboni kanye nokufudukela emadolobheni, okusongela ukusimama kwesikhathi eside kokulima ngamagxathu ezifundeni eziningi.

Ukwenyuka kwesidingo semikhiqizo yeorganic kanye nefairtrade kunikeza abalimi abathukile amathuba okumaketha izimpahla zabo ezimakethe ezinhle futhi bakhulise imali yabo engenayo.

Izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe, ezifana nokunemba kwezolimo kanye nezinkundla zedijithali, zizodlala indima ebalulekile esikhathini esizayo sokulima, ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqiza kanye nokufinyelela ezimakethe zomhlaba.

Isiphetho

Ukulima ngezinyathelo kuwumkhuba obalulekile wezolimo ogcine imiphakathi iminyaka eyinkulungwane. Ukubaluleka kwayo kudlulela ngale kwezolimo, okunomthelela ekusimamiseni imvelo, ukuhlukahluka komnotho, kanye nokulondolozwa kwamasiko. Njengoba umhlaba ubhekene nezinselelo ezikhulayo ezihlobene nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukuphepha kokudla, kanye nokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, ukulima ngezinyathelo kunikeza imodeli enamandla yezolimo ezisimeme. Ngokuhlanganisa ulwazi lwendabuko nezinto ezintsha zesimanje, ukusekela ucwaningo oluholwa abalimi, kanye nokukhuthaza ubudlelwano bomhlaba wonke, ukulima ngezinyathelo kungaqhubeka nokubamba iqhaza elibalulekile ekwakheni ikusasa elisimeme ezizukulwaneni ezizayo.