Ibizwa ngani iGujari Pancham? Ukungena Okujulile Emculweni Wakudala WamaNdiya

Umculo weIndian classical uhlelo olukhulu noluyinkimbinkimbi lwezingoma, isigqi, nemizwa ehlanganisa izinkulungwane zeminyaka. Ngaphakathi kwaleli siko elicebile, iragas ethile (izinhlaka zomculo) zakha isisekelo sezingoma zomculo. Iraga ngayinye iphethe umlingiswa wayo ohlukile womzwelo, isikhathi sokusebenza, nemithetho yesakhiwo. Phakathi kwamaraga amaningi akhona kuzo zombili izinhlelo zomculo zamaHindustani (eNyakatho yeIndia) kanye neCarnatic (yaseNingizimu Indian), umqondo weGujari Pancham ubambe indawo ekhethekile, eyaziwa ngokujula kwawo okujulile ngokomzwelo nokubaluleka kwawo ngokomlando.

Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ukuthi iyini iGujari Pancham, izimpande zayo zomlando, izici zayo zomculo, namanuances wokuhunyushwa kwayo emculweni weIndian classic. Sizophinde sihlolisise izizathu zokuthi kungani le raga ihlotshaniswa nezimfanelo ezijulile ezingokomzwelo, izikali ezisetshenzisiwe, nokubaluleka kwePancham egameni layo.

Ukuqonda Okuyisisekelo: Iyini iRaga?

Ngaphambi kokungena kuGujari Pancham, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi iyini iraga emculweni weIndian classical. Iraga isethi yamanothi omculo ahlelwe ngephethini ethile, ngayinye eklanyelwe ukuvusa imizwa ethile noma amarasa kumlaleli. IRagas ichazwa ngemithetho ethile elawula ukukhuphuka (iArohana) nokwehla (iAvarohana) yamanothi, ukugcizelela kwamanothi athile, nesimo esithile (iBhava) ehloselwe ukusiveza.

AmaRaga awazona nje izikali noma amamodi kodwa angamabhizinisi aphila ezandleni zabadlali abaphefumulela ukuphila kuwo ngokuthuthukiswa, ukuhlobisa, namaphethini anesigqi. Iraga ngayinye ihlotshaniswa nesikhathi esithile sosuku noma inkathi, okukholelwa ukuthi ithuthukisa umthelela wayo wemizwelo nomoya.

Gujari Todi vs. Gujari Pancham: Ukudideka Okujwayelekile

Iphuzu elibalulekile lokudideka livela lapho kuxoxwa ngoGujari Pancham, njengoba abantu abaningi beyihlanganisa neraga eyaziwa ngokuthi Gujari Todi. Nakuba womabili amaragas ehlanganyela isimo sengqondo esifanayo, uGujari Pancham noGujari Todi bayizinhlaka ezihlukene.

IGujari Pancham iyiraga yakudala nengokwesiko, kuyilapho iGujari Todi, isengezo sakamuva, ingeyomndeni wakwaTodi weragas. Ukufana phakathi kwazo kutholakala ngokuyinhloko kumood nokuqhubeka okuthile komculo, kodwa izakhiwo nokusetshenziswa kwazo kwehluka kakhulu. IGujari Pancham ihluke ngokukhethekile ngenxa yokugxila kwayo kunothi elithi Pancham (ingxenye yesihlanu ephelele ngokwemibandela yaseNtshonalanga) kanye nezinhlangano zayo zomlando.

Isho ukuthini iPancham?

Emculweni weIndian classical, igama elithi Pancham lisho inothi lesihlanu esikalini somculo (Sa, Re, Ga, Ma, Pa, Dha, Ni. Kuthiyori yomculo yaseNtshonalanga, iPancham ifana nenothi elithi Perfect Fifth (isikhawu sezinyathelo ezinhlanu ukusuka kunothi eliyimpande. IPancham iyinothi elibalulekile emculweni waseNdiya ngenxa yokusimamisa, ikhwalithi yongwaqa. Isebenza njengehange lomculo, ibhalansi imiculo futhi inikeza isixazululo esivumelanayo kuSa, ithonikhi noma inothi lezimpande.

Ukusetshenziswa kwePancham egameni leraga ngokuvamile kubonisa ukubaluleka kwayo esakhiweni seraga. Endabeni kaGujari Pancham, leli nothi lithatha ukubaluleka okukhethekile, lidlala indima ebalulekile esimweni senhliziyo, uhlamvu, kanye nesakhiwo seraga.

Iyini iGujari Pancham?

IGujari Pancham iyiraga yakudala futhi ejulile ngesiko lakudala lamaHindustani. Iyingxenye yeKafi Thaat, okungenye yezinhlaka eziyisisekelo eziyishumi noma ithaats emculweni weHindustani wakudala. IKafi Thaat ivamise ukuvusa umoya othambile, wothando, futhi ngezinye izikhathi oncibilikayo, futhi iGujari Pancham, nemvelo yayo yokubuka izinto ngokujulile, iqondana kahle nalesi simo semizwa.

Isici esichazayo seraga ukusebenzisa kwayo inothi elithi Pancham (Pa), njengoba kuboniswa igama layo. Iraga iyazindla, ijulile, futhi ivame ukuvusa umuzwa wokuzinikela noma ukulangazelela okuthulile. Nakuba engavamile ukwenziwa njengamanye amaragas, uGujari Pancham unesikhundla esihlonishwayo ohlwini lwezincwadi zeBhayibheli zomculo wamaHindustani.

Izimpande Zomlando Nokuziphendukela Kwemvelo

Umlando weGujari Pancham ucwile esikweni leDhrupad, enye yezindlela ezindala ezisekhona zomculo weIndian classic. IDhrupad igxile ekuhumusheni okuzindlayo, okuhamba kancane kweragas, ngokuvamile ukudumisa onkulunkulu noma ukuveza imicabango yefilosofi. Kulo mongo, iGujari Pancham isetshenziswe njengenqola yokuzindla ngokomoya nokuveza umuzwa ojulile.

Iraga ikhulunywe emibhalweni yakudala eyahlukene futhi iye yadlula emasikweni adluliselwa ngomlomo weGharanas (izinhlu zomculo) phakathi namakhulu eminyaka. Wawuthandwa izinkantolo ezithile zasebukhosini, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sikaMughal lapho umculo weIndian classical udlondlobala ngaphansi kokusekelwa kwenkosi.

Igama leraga ngokwalo lingase lisuselwa egameni elithi Gujarat, isifunda okungenzeka ukuthi iraga yavela kuso. Ngokomlando, iGujarat yayiyisikhungo esikhulu kwezobuciko, okuhlanganisa nomculo, kanye nethis raga kungenzeka ukuthi yaqanjwa ngesifunda esakhulisa ukukhula kwayo.

IEmotional Landscape yeGujari Pancham

Enye yezici ezichazayo zeGujari Pancham imvelo yayo ejulile yemizwa nokucabanga. Iraga ivame ukuhlotshaniswa nemizwa yokulangazelela, yokuzinikela, nosizi oluthule, olunesithunzi. Ngokuvamile kwenziwa ebusuku, isikhathi lapho amaragas eintrospective kanye nokuzindla asebenza kahle kakhulu.

Le raga ichazwe njengephethe ikhwalithi yeupasana (yokukhulekela), okuyenza ifaneleke ezimongweni zokuzinikela. Kodwake, ukujula kwayo ngokomzwelo kuphinda kuyenze intandokazi ekuculweni kwayo yedwa, lapho iciko likwazi ukuhlola indawo yalo enkulu yemizwa.

Nakuba amaragas amaningi ebonisa injabulo, ukubungaza, noma ezothando, iGujari Pancham igodlile, ingenangqondo, futhi izimisele. Akuvusi usizi oludabukisayo lweragas njengoMarwa noma uShree, kodwa kunalokho ukwamukela okuzolile kobunzima bempilo kanye nokufuna ukuthula kwangaphakathi.

Izici Zomculo zeGujari Pancham

IGujari Pancham ingeyeKafi Thaat, esebenzisa kokubili izinguqulo zemvelo neziyisicaba (komal) zamanothi athile. Lokhu kunikeza iraga ithoni ethambile neyinkimbinkimbi yemizwa, ehlukile kuragas ekhanyayo yeBilawal noma iKhamaj Thaats.

• IArohana (Isikali esinyukayo):Sa Re Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa
• IAvarohana (Isikali esehlayo):Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Re Sa

• Vadi (inothi elibaluleke kakhulu):Pa (Pancham)
• Samvadi (isaziso sesibili esibaluleke kakhulu):Re (Rishab)

IPancham (Pa) iyinhloko yale raga, eboniswa egameni layo. Iraga igcizelela kakhulu ukusebenzisana phakathi kwePancham (Pa) kanye noRishab (Re), okudala isimo semelancholic kodwa esizolile.

Ngokwesiko, iGujari Pancham yenziwa phakathi kwamabili ebusuku, ikakhulukazi phakathi kuka9 PM naphakathi kwamabili. Njengamaragas amaningi ahlotshaniswa nalesi sikhathi sosuku, inekhwalithi yokucabangela nokuzindla, okuyenza ifanelekele izilungiselelo ezithule, nezibonisayo.

Iqhaza Lokuhlobisa (Alankars) Nokuthuthukisa

Isici esibalulekile sanoma yikuphi ukusebenza kweraga ukusetshenziswa kwemihlobiso noma amaalankar. EGujari Pancham, imihlobiso ivame ukucashile futhi ihamba kancane, ngokuhambisana nemvelo yeraga. Amaciko ngokuvamile asebenzisa isitayela esishelelayo, esigelezayo sokuthuthukisa esibizwa ngokuthi meend (ukugijima phakathi kwamanothi), kanye negamak ehamba kancane (amasu afana nevibrato) ukuze athuthukise isimo seraga.

Ngenxa yomlingiswa wokuzindla weraga, inikeza ububanzi bokwenza ngcono, okuvumela iciko ukuthi lihlole ukujula kwalo ngokomzwelo esikhathini eside, esingaxhamazeli. Ubuciko bulele ekwembuleni kancane kancane ingqikithi yeraga, kusetshenziswa inhlanganisela yomculo, isigqi, kanye nokuthula ukuze kuvuse umthelela ofunwayo womzwelo.

IGujari Pancham Kokuqukethwe Kwesimanje

Ezikhathini zamanje, iGujari Pancham ayidlalwa kakhulu kuzilungiselelo zekhonsathi, kodwa isabambe indawo ekhethekile yabanolwazi bomculo wakudala waseNdiya. Imvelo yayo ejulile yemizwa nokucabangisisa iyenza ifanelekele ukwenza izinto ezibalulekile, ezibonisayo, ikakhulukazi kumasiko eDhrupad kanye neKhayal.

Nakuba iraga ingase ingadumile kangako emculweni wesimanje okhanyayo wakudala noma emculweni wefilimu, isalokhu iyingxenye ebalulekile yesiko lakudala, ikakhulukazi kulabo abafuna ukuhlola izici ezijulile nezingokomoya zomculo wamaNdiya.

ITheory Foundation yeGujari Pancham

Umculo weIndian classical usebenza ngaphakathi kohlaka lwethiyori oluthuthuke kakhulu olulawula ukuthi iragas yakhiwa, yenziwa, futhi iqondwa kanjani. IGujari Pancham, njengawo wonke amaragas, isekelwe kusethi ethile yemithetho nezimiso ezichaza isakhiwo sayo somculo, okuqukethwe kwemizwa, nesikhathi sokusebenza. Le mithetho ayiqinile, kodwa ihlinzeka ngohlaka lapho abaculi bengathuthukisa khona futhi bahumushe iraga.

Emculweni wakudala weHindustani, yonke iraga ithathwe kokuthi Thaat, okuyisilinganiso somzali. IThaat isebenza njengesethi yamanothi ayisikhombisa lapho kwakhiwa khona iraga. IGujari Pancham isuselwa kuKafi Thaat, enye yeThaats eyishumi enkulu ohlelweni lweHindustani. IKafi Thaat ibonakala ngokusetshenziswa kwayo kokubili kwemvelo (Shuddha) namanothi ayisicaba (iKomal), okuyenza ibe thambile, ikhwalithi yemizwa.

Iraga ngayinye inokwakheka okukhethekile okukhuphukayo nokwehla, okwaziwa ngeArohana neAvarohana, echaza ukuthi amanothi afinyelelwa futhi ahlelwe kanjani. IGujari Pancham, njengawo wonke amaragas, ineArohana neAvarohana eyingqayizivele eyinika ukukhonkolo okukhethekile.

• IArohana (Yenyuka):Sa Re Ma Pa Dha Ni Sa
• IAvarohana (Yehla):Sa Ni Dha Pa Ma Re Sa

Kuyo yonke iraga, amanothi athile athathwa njengokubaluleke kakhulu kunamanye. Lawa manothi, aziwa ngokuthi iVadiandSamvadi, abalulekile ekwakhekeni kwemizwa yeraga. IVadi iyinothi eligqame kakhulu kuraga, kanti iSamvadi iyinothi lesibili elivelele.

• Vadi (Inothi Eliyinhloko):Pa (Pancham) – Inothi lePancham liyindawo okugxilwe kuyo yeGujari Pancham, njengoba ivezwe egameni layo. IPa isebenza njengendawo yokuphumula, noma inyasa, lapho imishwana yomculo evame ukuxazululwa.
• ISamvadi (Inothi Lesibili):Re (Rishabh) – IRe isebenza njengento ephikisana nePa, idala ukungezwani okuxazululekayo lapho ubuyela ePa.

Isici esichazayo somculo weIndian classic ukusetshenziswa kwegamakas—imihlobiso ehlobisa amanothi futhi yengeze ukujula komzwelo nokuvezayo kuraga. EGujari Pancham, njengamanye amaragas, amagamaka abalulekile ekuvezeni amandla aphelele emizwa omculo.

Amagamaka ajwayelekile asetshenziswa kule raga ahlanganisa:

• Meend:Ukugeleza phakathi kwamanothi amabili, ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukudala inguquko ebushelelezi, egelezayo phakathi kweRe nePa noma iPa neDha.
• Kan:Inothi lomusa elandulela noma elilandela inothi eliyinhloko, elingeza ukuthinta okuthambile kokuhlobisa.
• Gamak:Ukunyakaziswa okusheshayo phakathi kwamanothi amabili, nakuba kusetshenziswa kancane eGujari Pancham ukuze kugcinwe isimo esizolile seraga.

Isikhathi Sosuku neRasa: Ithoni Yomzwelo yeGujari Pancham

Ngosiko lwakudala lwamaIndian, yonke iraga ihlotshaniswa nesikhathi esithile sosuku, okukholakala ukuthi iqondana nezimfanelo zayo zemizwa nezomoya. IGujari Pancham yenziwa ngokwesiko ebusuku, ikakhulukazi phakathi namahora asebusuku (cishe ngo9 PM kuya phakathi kwamabili. Lesi sikhathi sosuku sithathwa njengesifanelekile kuintrospective, ragas yokuzindla, njengoba ingqondo ijwayelana kakhulu nokuzindla okuthulile.

Umqondo weRasa, noma ingqikithi yemizwa, nayo ibalulekile ekuqondeni iGujari Pancham. Iraga ngayinye yakhelwe ukuvusa iRasa ethile, futhi iGujari Pancham ihlotshaniswa neRasa yeShanta(ukuthula) kanye neBhakti(ukuzinikela. Ukunensa kweraga, itempo elinganiswayo kanye nokugcizelela kwayo kuPancham (Pa) kudala isimo esizolile, sokuzindla, siyenze ifanelekele ukuveza imizwa yokuzinikela, ukulangazelela okungokomoya, nokuthula kwangaphakathi.

Imikhuba Yokusebenza: IGujari Pancham Emculweni Wezwi Nezinsimbi

Ubuhle bomculo weIndian classical bulele ekuzivumelaniseni nezimo kuzo zonke izitayela zokusebenza ezihlukene. IGujari Pancham ingadlalwa emculweni wephimbo nowezinsimbi, ngamunye unikeza amathuba ayingqayizivele okuhumusha nokuveza.

Umculo wephimbo unendawo ekhethekile kusiko lwakudala lwaseNdiya, njengoba izwi lithathwa njengensimbi ezwakalayo kakhulu, ekwazi ukudlulisa uhla olugcwele lwemizwa nokomoya lweraga. Ekudlalweni kwephimbo leGujari Pancham, umculi uvamise ukulandela indlela enensa, enenhloso, eqala ngeanAlap—isingeniso eside, esingakaliwe lapho amanothi eraga ehlolwa ngaphandle kwemingcele yesigqi.

Ngenkathi umculo wephimbo unendawo ekhethekile kusiko lwakudala lwaseNdiya, umculo wezinsimbi unikeza amathuba awo ahlukile okuhumusha isiGujari Pancham. Izinsimbi ezifana neSitar, iSarod, iVeena, kanye neBansur(umtshingo woqalo) ziyifanele kakhulu le raga, njengoba ikhono layo lokusekela amanothi nokudala imigqa ebushelelezi, egelezayo ibonisa isimo seraga sokuzindla, nokuzindla.

Ngenkathi ukwakheka kwemelodic yeGujari Pancham kuyingxenye yobunikazi bayo, isigqi sidlala indima ebaluleke ngokulinganayo ekulolongeni ukusebenza. Emculweni weIndian classical, isigqi silawulwa uhlelo lweTaal, olusho umjikelezo othile onesigqi ohlinzeka ngohlaka lokusebenza.

KuGujari Pancham, amaTaals anensayo afana noEktal(amabhithi angu12), iJhaptal(amabhithi angu10), kanye neTeentaal(amabhithi angu16) ngokuvamile asetshenziselwa ukuhambisana nesimo seraga sokuzindla nokuzindla. Le mijikelezo enesigqi ivumela imishwana emide, engaxhamazeli enikeza umculi isikhathi sokuhlola ukujula kwemizwelo yeraga.

Enye yezinto ezijabulisa kakhulu zomculo wakudala waseIndia yiJugalbandi—inkundla ephakathi kwabaculi ababili, ngokuvamile abasuka kumasiko ahlukene omculo noma ukudlala izinsimbi ezihlukene. Emdlalweni weJugalbandi, abaculi bahlanganyela engxoxweni yomculo, ishintshana phakathi kokuthuthukiswa komuntu oyedwa kanye nokuhlola okuhlanganyelwe kweraga.

Ifa LeGujari Pancham Emculweni Wakudala WamaIndian

Kuwo wonke umlando, uGujari Pancham ube yiraga ethandwayo ohlwini lwabaculi abaningi abadumile, ngamunye wabo obambe iqhaza efeni elicebile leraga. Kusukela ezinkantolo zaseGujarat yasendulo kuya emahholo ekhonsathi esimanje namuhla, iGujari Pancham yenziwe futhi yahunyushwa amanye amaciko amakhulu kunawo wonke eIndian classical.isiko.

Isiphetho

IGujari Pancham ingaphezu nje kweraga; kuwukubonakaliswa okujulile kwemizwelo, ingokomoya, nomlando wamasiko. Igxilile kumasiko acebile omculo wakudala waseNdiya, ikakhulukazi izitayela zeDhrupad neKhayal, iGujari Pancham inikeza iwindi emphefumulweni womculo wamaNdiya. Izimfanelo zayo zokuzindla kanye nezokucabangela ziyenza ibe iraga emema kokubili umenzi nomlaleli ukuba bathathe uhambo lokuzitholela ngokwabo kanye nokuzindla ngokomoya.

Ifa elihlala njalo leraga liwubufakazi bokukhanga kwayo okungaphelelwa yisikhathi, njengoba abaculi beqhubeka nokuhlola izindlela ezintsha zokuhumusha kanye nokuveza ukujula kwayo okujulile ngokomzwelo. Ezweni elivame ukuzizwa lishesha futhi linesiphithiphithi, iGujari Pancham inikeza isikhashana sokuthula nokuzindla, esikhumbuza amandla omculo aguqulayo ukuze asixhumanise nengaphakathi lethu kanye nomhlaba osizungezile.